Solidarność?*

Solidarno??.  Solidaridad.    Solidarity.  Solidarity.  …  Solidarity!!!
Can we all agree that we want a better world for all–psychologically, socially, ecologically  …  and unite in some sort of imperfect solidarity toward that end?

With Lech Wa??sa, … Pope Francis, Dalai Lama, Jimmy Carter, and Tegla Loroupe. … With family and dear friends, in my case: Elizabeth Florence Hoffmann Martin, Louise Katherine Kneuper Martin, Kazimierz Józef Wiech, Rafael Ojeda Suárez, Darryl Lynn Birkenfeld, Marvel Jay Maddox, Luiz Otávio Campos da Silva, Miguel Angel Altieri, and many others. … With those who are easy, and those who are impossible??

………………………….
Solidarity with the lovely people of Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, the slain and the living (and with the various victims of so many senseless mass killings in the U.S. and all over the world).

And yes, solidarity with the family and friends of Dylann Roof … as the judge suggested in 2015 at the bond hearing in Charleston of this accused murderer, Dylann Roof.  (I do agree this was a very inappropriate time and manner in which to try and persuade toward this action of appropriate solidarity!)

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Solidarity with the “good” and the “evil”; with conventional capitalists, socialists; anarchists/libertarians, fascists; environmentalists, ecologists, Greens; with advocates for PEACE (positively ethical applied community ecology) and advocates for War (convincing them that peace & PEACE is preferable to War).

Solidarity with the rich and powerful (toward making them less rich and powerful) and with the poor, disenfranchised and not so powerful (toward enrichment and empowerment).

A loving solidarity with the crazies of the Council of Conservative Citizens, white power skinheads, NRA, Tea Party, Likud, ISIS, Al-Qaeda, Boko-Haram, … (both the sane and insane within; and yes, with locos of the left as well as the right, i.e., not so right) with a goal of non-violent change toward a better world for all.

My simple, insignificant solidarity with, and love and good hopes for all leaders of the world (who along with the rest of us are also simple and insignificant).  Some are truly good statespersons with wonderful love for all peoples and the Nature they are nested within … but also with sad, disappointed understandings of the complex and insane cruelties of Eaarth.

 

Solidarity for PEACE and non-violence … and quality life for all. … Humble, yet aggressive, solidarity.
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Enigmas

Pablo Neruda (Translated by Robert Bly)
[From: http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/enigmas/ ]

“You’ve asked me what the lobster is weaving there with
his golden feet?
I reply, the ocean knows this.
You say, what is the ascidia waiting for in its transparent
bell? What is it waiting for?
I tell you it is waiting for time, like you.
You ask me whom the Macrocystis alga hugs in its arms?
Study, study it, at a certain hour, in a certain sea I know.
You question me about the wicked tusk of the narwhal,
and I reply by describing
how the sea unicorn with the harpoon in it dies.
You enquire about the kingfisher’s feathers,
which tremble in the pure springs of the southern tides?
Or you’ve found in the cards a new question touching on
the crystal architecture
of the sea anemone, and you’ll deal that to me now?
You want to understand the electric nature of the ocean
spines?
The armored stalactite that breaks as it walks?
The hook of the angler fish, the music stretched out
in the deep places like a thread in the water?

I want to tell you the ocean knows this, that life in its
jewel boxes
is endless as the sand, impossible to count, pure,
and among the blood-colored grapes time has made the
petal
hard and shiny, made the jellyfish full of light
and untied its knot, letting its musical threads fall
from a horn of plenty made of infinite mother-of-pearl.

I am nothing but the empty net which has gone on ahead
of human eyes, dead in those darknesses,
of fingers accustomed to the triangle, longitudes
on the timid globe of an orange.

I walked around as you do, investigating
the endless star,
and in my net, during the night, I woke up naked,
the only thing caught, a fish trapped inside the wind.”

********************************

*This was first posted June 21, 2015.

LITTLE THINGS WE CAN DO TO HAVE A BETTER LIFE AND SUSTAINABLE WORLD

Eat healthy and exercise regularly. (Truly integrate this into your workday and lifestyle.)

Experience the real world—your yard, open fields, farms, ranches, parks—and stay away from TV, computers, cell phones, video games & other electronic gadgetry. Get physically, intellectually & spiritually in touch with Nature, the Land, Community and People (the very young and Elders).

For short trips: walk, run, ride bikes, or skateboard.

For long trips: car-pool. … Take a train or bus.  (If possible resist flying.  Don’t go on cruise ships.)

Help your family start a garden. … Maybe an organic garden.

Volunteer to help with community gardens or your school’s garden.

Buy something at the Farmers market—and get to know the farmers.

Encourage your family to mulch-mow … and to mow, water & fertilize the yard less. Use locally-adapted native vegetation, and introduce vegetable and fruit-producing garden areas into the landscape.

Compost all leaves, grass clippings, food scraps, and other organic matter.

Buy less, reuse neat old things, and recycle. Carry a cup for drinking.

Keep air conditioning and heating systems off. Open windows. … (At least keep thermostats low in the winter and high in the summer.)

Help caulk cracks around windows, door and in other leaky areas of your home. Place weather-stripping around doors.

Use less water. Take shorter showers, catch water & and use in the sink, help family fix dripping faucets, etc.

Put a bucket/tub in your shower to collect the “warm up” water & overspray. Use it in your garden.

Use rain barrels to catch roof run-off. (Your plants will love the soft, low mineral water.)…

Completely turn off lights/electricity users! (Use power strips!)

At stores refuse plastic bags. Take your own “cool” bag.

Shave with the old-type metal razor & blades.

Hang your clothes to dry out on a line & let the Sun/wind do the job.

Prepare to be an educated & responsible ecological-friendly voter who is active in community.

Work/have a career in “jobs” that help others & enhance ecological systems. (Sustainable livelihood.)

Work on a farm, ranch, summer camp and/or park system for the summer &/or after school.

Learn about ecological, carbon, water and energy “foot-printing” & life-cycle analysis.

Encourage peers and adults to be truly responsible in using prescription drugs, alcohol, etc. … Work hard at discouraging addictive drugs such as nicotine (smoking, snuff/smokeless tobacco, etc.) and other such drugs.

Learn about your family and community/regional history.

Learn about the flora and fauna of your backyard, nearby vacant lot and local community (Natural History).

Go for a walk with a small child and teach them the names of birds, other animals, trees, other plants, mushrooms, and other biota (cyanobacteria, bacterial disease symptoms) that you see along the way.

Read, write and do arts and crafts of some type. Do “hands on” projects and keep your mind challenged with mathematical and other puzzles, problem-solving, and critical & creative thinking.

Conserve, help the poor with “hands up” … and stay debt-free.

Understand carrying capacity!

Work for real enduring Peace and Justice. (War is not the answer!)

It Takes a Village. Therefore … Blame the (Local/Global) Village for Success/Failure!

“Dime con quien andas y te dire quien eres” “Entre menos burros, mas elotes”

Wawrzyniec* meditated peacefully that Thursday morning in the iconic place of Holy Family, along with 10-20 percent of the population of the village of Nazareth (rural, mostly Catholic German-Americans; population, 309). And then suddenly! … An epiphany!! (Wawrzyniec has many.)

Wawrzyniec’s thoughts came together conclusively, “This is the way it ought to be! A world like this little church/this little village. … A ‘community’ of living beings coming together regularly to meditate and communicate and work toward building consensus and quality life for ‘all’ for as long as possible!!”

Wawrzyniec actually considered himself to be an agnostic, and thought that those who considered themselves to be theist or atheists must –either be lying to themselves  –or be quite arrogant –or both! He personally could never be sure! … This was so despite the sometimes painful cadence in his mind of the sermons of his Down Easter friend and pastor in Tifton, Georgia in the 1970s. Franciscan(!!) (but Mainer) Father Rayner could preach hell-fire and brimstone, and oftentimes used Revelation 3:16—

“So because thou art lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold,
I will spew thee out of my mouth.”

Nevertheless Wawrzyniec fondly contemplated on how he’d been influenced by a local culture of Catholicism and its teachings in St. Joseph’s parish in Devine, Texas. … And as he reflected, his thoughts bounced around erratically in his head, and his mind often wandered:
• “I do (I think) possess a strong belief in community, the village, teamwork, and a need oftentimes for quiet acquiescing.”
• “It is good to dance, do some drinking and gamble a bit!”
• “I have an original sin (genes from Dad) of a temper and outspoken passion and sometimes-disregard for accepted social mores.”
• “I venially and sometimes mortally sin in excessively/imprudently using electricity, natural gas, gasoline and water, and other resources needed by Nature and the truly poor.”
• “Will I go to limbo, purgatory, or hell? (I guess none of these since I think one’s heaven or hell, and the ‘inbetweens’, only exist here on this Eaarth.)”
• “I sometimes, perhaps oftentimes, lack humility.”
• “Big revolutionary changes (like Vatican II or Pope Francis’ anticipated Ecology Encyclical) can truly be good!”
• “Priests, nuns, popes, St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, Mother Teresa, St. Paul, Jesus of Nazareth (in Galilee, not Texas), are/were human and not perfect or infallible. (Probably the nuns are the most perfect, especially those young and beautiful Carmelite girls from Mexico who came into Devine to teach catechism in the summer dressed in simple crisp brown and white.) … The Bible, the City of God, Summa Theologica, the U.S. Constitution are creations of humans … and also not perfect.”
• “Even religious folk speak with a forked tongue, and as human beings they don’t practice what they preach.”
He thought, “As a Catholic I am both marked and blessed. Well, maybe not ‘blessed’.  Blessed is an arrogant/status quo feeling no humble person should have.”

His mind’s wanderings then quickly went to where Ossie Davis’ brother William, and friends Darryl and Alphonso didn’t like them to go. He was entering into the area of thought which even his favorite people called crazy. “We won’t make it despite all the efforts of the lovely people of Nazareth and others like them on this Eaarth. We’ll hit the wall. Many will survive the terrible turmoil which will come soon, but then we’ll eventually fizzle. … This severe and rampant extractive world economy—whether it be of the Green Revolution or involving the pseudo-Organics of the ‘Greens’—has indeed recently gotten more energy and materials to more of the poor. Nevertheless there are still many desperately poor (at least 1.4 billion) and very poor (ca. 3 billion, and this count doesn’t include billions of individuals in other species).” “If I were a betting man” he thought, “I would wager that we will hit the wall hard as a species within 40-100 years! … even though the final fizzling out will take much longer.”

When Wawrzyniec was a university student in the 1960s and 70s, reputable ecologists said that we could sustain 1-2 billion humans consuming at the rates at which we haves who are North of the Tropic of Cancer currently do. And now the Eaarth has ca. 5 times that many people, many of whom are getting the haves’ appetite and power for consumption. Therefore, solid scientists like Vaclav Smil point out the need to recognize limits and to begin to live in concert with Nature. And they emphasize sufficiency over efficiency and over desperate searches for magic technological silver bullets.

Nevertheless, even the good Pope Francis’s people don’t really fully understand the predicament in which humanity exists and the drastic steps we need to take to avoid continued and increasing misery. And, most certainly, the good President Barack’s handlers and advisors don’t understand!

“Still …” Wawrzyniec’s mind kept pondering, “major challenges, ignorance, apathy, and greed are not a reason to throw in the towel! … We must have Hope!!” His thoughts were really a-rolling now in this little church of the Holy Family:

“Folk in the U.S. in particular need to grow up, work hard to possess the ethic of reciprocity and all of the seven great virtues, especially humility, and drastically lessen their ecological footprint and begin to truly live in concert with Nature. They need to tell their children to set aside computer games and Legos and running off to Disney World, and to teach these developing adults how to get outside and produce food and fiber, and Art and recreation, from local soil, water, and biotic communities in their back and front yards.

And they can! … ¡Si se pude!

Dramatically decreasing consumption of material goods and transformation of energy doesn’t mean one: has to be a ‘tree-hugger’ (although being a ‘Natural biotic community hugger’ might not be a bad thing) or has to ‘go Native’ (although ‘being Native’ is not a bad thing) or has ‘to regress’ (although some of our ancestors did do a much better job of living in concert with Nature than we). And it doesn’t have to involve following recipes of en vogue: LEED, Green, Organic, Natural, or Paleolithic. [Wawrzyniec did think a  deep, comprehensive and thorough study of a sustainable livelihoods approach would be worthwhile for everyone! http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0901/section2.pdf ]

Such a transition to a resilient, sustainable community would mean new local and global economic systems. Systems of local ecological economics are needed. And they would mostly involve small/slow/simple/plain, appropriate technology. This process of transition would include actions for meeting needs and not wants. Once again: Sufficiency rather than efficiency! And I reiterate: It should be slow, small, simple, and humble. Moreover, if a body, living quarters, a community, or country is too clean and ordered, it is suspect for not being sustainable. And members of a sustainable community should never take themselves and their own too seriously. ‘Taking themselves seriously’ should only be in the context of all humanity/life. Everyone should strive work hard to help poor and disenfranchised humans and other species, and to be Numero Dos!

One of the best things we could do in terms of achieving positively ethical applied community ecology, would be to drop all this current emphasis in the U.S. on STEM. A quest of knowledge for knowledge sake is good, and mathematics is obviously a wonderful language. But engineers have already screwed up too many things in the world, and we already do too much worshiping at the altar of technology for technology’s sake.

Education is the route out of desperate ruts of life. However, in order for education of individuals to be good for all, it must be appropriate and supported by good policy and actions. We desperately need to have ecology across curricula and campuses of schools and all other social and political organizations. When we try to engage youth, we need to get them involved in positively ethical applied community ecology. And young entrepreneurers should be encouraged to abide by ecological principles and processes and the precautionary principle, and to utilize and produce appropriate technology.”

I suppose these last six paragraphs lay out Wawrzyniec’s religion. … But perhaps not. He is an agnostic.

“So because thou art lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold,
I will spew thee out of my mouth.”

………………….
*This story was woven in another life and written while hand-brushing high-tech paint on our circa 100-year-old house and home. … Wawrzyniec was actually a truly humble, simple, and persevering family man and good citizen who gave much to community.

Wawrzyniec Alfons Marcin did not know it then (nor did anyone else), but he was born on Earth Day. (On the other hand, every day is/has been Earth Day and in this sense Wawrzyniec and others in his local/global village did realize he was born on an Earth Day.) Wawrzyniec is not physically present on Eaarth, but he still lives in his oldest brother, and especially in his wife, son, daughter, and grand kids … and in other family members and friends. http://bannedbookscafe.blogspot.com/2010/06/lawrence-devine-warhorse-aggie-clark.html

It is very unfortunate that Wawrzyniec’s Earth Day has been co-opted in Seguin and almost everywhere, by conventional capitalism, extractive trickle-down economics, transnational corporations, and growth, consumerism, and focus on the almighty buck and GDP as major indicators of “sustainability”.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics (It Is in Many Ways the “Most Important” and Should Be “the First”!)

“Gottamnit Leroy!” exclaimed Fritz very irately.  “Ju may play goot pitch. But ju’re a tamn disgrace ta da Jerman race!! … I vent down to Haby’s store and bought some of dat Alsatian sausage vit goot coriander for a nickel-a-link.  Din I cuuked-tit-up and ate dat link sausage. … Din I pooped tit out, and put tit on my jard for da grass ta grow green. … I can’t believe ju Leroy—a Jerman—vasted dat poop like ju tid down da tamn poop-pot.  You’re a tamn disgrace ta da Jerman race!”

“Hell Fritz!” exclaimed Bruno.  “ JU’RE a tamn tschame ta all us Jermans. … I bought dat Haby-link-sausage, cuuked tit up, ate tit, pooped tit out … and I put tit on my wegatable garten. I can’t believe ju vasted dat sausage poop on dat tamn jard-grass!”

Leo jumped up off of his rickety old chair a-hollering. “I caan’t believe ju tamn squandervers … all of ju!  I’m tschamed to play pitch vit all of j’all.  I vent down ta Haby’s and got some of dat link sausage and cuuked tit. Din I cut dat casing and peeled tit off … weeery caaarefully.  I ate dat goot link sausage and pooped tit out.  Din I put dat poop in da casing and took tit down to Haby’s and told dat Leon Haby, ‘Leon, dis tamn sausage tastes like tschit!  Give me my nickel back!’  Leon took a bite and said ‘Tamn!! You’re right! Here’s jur tamn nickel.’”
……………..
This story from the Alsatian-German-Texan land in which my wife Betsy grew up was my usual introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics for years in my principles of biology class at St. Philip’s College.  It was my attempt at a humorous story about how the Second Law of Thermodynamics was sort of miraculous circumvented by Leo.  [I’d follow it up in class by holding up some good candy like a pecan praline in my hand, and ask if anyone wanted it. Of course a bunch of these hungry students appreciative of good candy did want it badly, and they pleaded, “I do!!” in unison. Then I plopped it in my mouth, chewed it up and swallowed it, and teased them with, “You can have it after I’m through with it!”]

The Second Law or Entropy Law was, I guess, briefly introduced to me in high school and college biology, physics and ecology.  But it was economist Herman Daly*, Daly’s mentor Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, and ecologist David Pimentel and energetics scientist H.T. Odum who really made me cogitate on it.

The Second Law states that in a thermodynamic process, the total entropy, or “disorder”, of the participating systems increases.  Also, as you transform energy which can not be created or destroyed, it tends toward uselessness.  And: … You can’t recycle energy; recycling stuff always comes at a cost; perpetual motion is impossible; and growth economics will eventually hit the wall (or I guess it already has!).

There are many other implications of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in positively ethical applied community ecology which should be considered.  Leon Haby’s nickel sausage was still useful as poop, but not as useful as it was in its store-bought form.  And in using the sausage, each of the Alsatians did produce poop (or something which tasted like “tschit!”.

Fossil energy resulting from the (inefficient) capture of solar energy through photosynthesis over millions of years can be very useful.  However, rampant transformation and use of this or any energy source also results in pollution, stress and socio-political/economic (ecological) destruction and chaos.  Moreover, BIG, … and Fast, … and Complex–whether it be houses, automobiles; geothermal air-conditioning, photovoltaics, windtricity; conventional or “organic” or sustainable agricultural food/fiber/shelter systems; cities, towns or villages; schools, businesses, governments, churches, or do-good non-profits—can be very problematic for whole systems. … Order (in one system) creates Chaos (in another systems, communities, lives).  Overdoing the built environment is detrimental to the natural resource base, biodiversity, and natural, efficient photosynthesis and biogeochemical and hydrological cycles.  Too much Artificial destroys Nature.

Small is Beautiful” (from E.F. Schumacher) and so are Slow and Simple. … And I’ll state again my Wendell Berry mantra:

“To live, we must daily break the body and shed the blood of Creation. When we do this knowingly, lovingly, skillfully, reverently, it is a sacrament. When we do it ignorantly, greedily, clumsily, destructively, it is a desecration. In such desecration we condemn ourselves to spiritual and moral loneliness, and others to want.”
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* http://steadystate.org/thermodynamic-roots/

“The Meaning of Human Existence” by E. O. Wilson

http://hereandnow.wbur.org/2014/10/14/human-existence-wilson

As a young budding scientist of thirteen years of age, E.O. Wilson may have been the first to report on the occurrence of the red imported fire ant in the U.S. He went on to become a prominent ant research scientist and sociobiologist.

As pasture entomologist in southern Georgia and western Brazil who has done limited research on the red imported fire ant, and as teacher of principles of biology, I have read various aspects of Dr. Wilson’s works, heard him speak at scientific conferences, and found his work to be very compelling.  I strongly feel that everyone should read E.O. Wilson’s recent book, The Meaning of Human Existence.

“Cultivating an Ecological Conscience” and More by Fred Kirschenmann

The 4 major threats to industrialized agriculture — Fred Kirschenmann speaks


http://www.non-gmoreport.com/articles/january-2015/fred-kirschenmann-on-farming-as-a-self-regulating-self-renewing-system.php

Fred Kirschenmann is a leader in “organic” agriculture and a pragmatic practitioner. In this short reading (first url) upon which to reflect, and which I am hopeful leads to your reading of his Cultivating an Ecological Conscience and listening to his YouTube presentations—we are introduced to Fred’s positions on conventional agriculture’s shortcomings (“energy constraints,” “water availability,” “climate change,” and “ecological degradation”) and the hope of a food revolution and changing foodsheds toward resilience and sustainability.

Reflections on “Energetics”

http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/153031/
http://www.uni-klu.ac.at/socec/downloads/HH_Publi_Feb2013.PDF
http://ourenergyfutures.org/profile-n-Helmut_Haberl-mid-8.html

In the early 1970s David Pimentel introduced me to energetics of agricultural and other living systems … and largely because of an energy crisis at that time, I listened. This was amplified and reinforced shortly thereafter by H.T. Odum and Erich Farber, and then many others, who forced me to study and think more and more about human appropriated net primary productivity, and individual and collective ecological footprints.

Ecologist Marty Bender of the Land Institute connected me to the research of Helmut Haberl some ten years ago when two students and I spent 10 weeks doing research at the Department of Energy lab in Richland, Washington. In this reflection, I wish to introduce my friends involved in a fantastic organization called Ogallala Commons, and others, to the fascinating and critically important efforts of only one hard-working and this brilliant ecologist, Helmut Haberl.

One aspect of Dr. Haberl’s work deals with human appropriated net primary productivity, or the amount of energy captured by photosynthesis and left over after photosynthesizers have met their needs … which humans are utilizing at rampant rates and is largely not available to other organisms in community. The key reading for this reflection is from a small contribution of Dr. Haberl to “The Encyclopedia of the Earth.”
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[“Dr. Helmut Haberl is Associate professor at the Institute of Social Ecology (habilitation in Human Ecology, University of Vienna 2001; doctorate in Ecology, University of Vienna 1995). Helmut Haberl works on both theoretical and empirical aspects of society-nature interrelations and sustainable development – a research field he considers to be the core focus of human ecology. In recent years he has led several research projects on the relation between socioeconomic metabolism and land-use change. His research interests include the human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), ecological footprinting, societal energy metabolism and its relation to sustainable development, and other aspects of societal energy use. Dr. Haberl is member of Working Group III (Mitigation) for the 5th Assessment Report of the IPCC (chapter 11: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses), member of the Scientific Steering Committee of the Global Land Project (www.globallandproject.org) and of the Scientific Committee of the European Environment Agency (http://www.eea.europa.eu/).”]

Agroecology

Agroecology, Small Farms, and Food Sovereignty

Old friend, Dr. Miguel Altieri, and “Vía Campesina believe[s] that in order to protect livelihoods, jobs, people’s food security, and health as well as the environment, food production has to remain in the hands of small-scale sustainable farmers and cannot be left under the control of large agribusiness companies or supermarket chains. Only by changing the export-led, free-trade based, industrial agriculture model of large farms can the downward spiral of poverty, low wages, rural-urban migration, hunger, and environmental degradation be halted.” … With global systems of small-scale sustainable farmers practicing de facto positively ethical applied community agroecology, we are closer to Nature and living the Land Ethic.

A Resilient, Sustainable Agriculture; A Resilient, Sustainable Community

http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/living-nets-in-a-new-prairie-sea

In the beginning there was Nature*. With the addition of humans, we added the Land** and the Commons*** and Artificial****. After agriculture ten thousand years ago (see the previous post/reflection), then with industrialization a few hundred years ago, and now with the electronic/information age … humans have become the dominant species and have begun bringing Nature to her knees (precariously, because humans do depend on photosynthesis, sustainable energy flux and biogeochemical cycles, and biodiversity and appropriate dynamics in populations/communities).

There are many reasons the agricultural revolution could be considered to be worst mistake of humans (previous post/reflection), including a major reliance on annuals rather than perennials. The industrial revolution added even more reasons including a move to a greater predominance of monocultures in what had been grasslands and savannas (and other biomes) of great biodiversity.

Wes Jackson and the Land Institute are working to select for and develop perennial crops which:
• more closely simulate natural grasslands and produce grains, beans, and plant oils in systems which protect and build soil,
• are more resistant to damage from other biota,
• do not rely on biocides and high energy/mineral fertilizer inputs, and
• are more sustainable.
Such systems could become key foundations for the regeneration and conservation of resilient/sustainable communities (Positively Ethical Applied Community Ecology) across the Great Plains.
………………….
*Nature could be defined as livings systems on earth which are closer to what they were like 12,000 years ago.
**The Land is Nature with humans in it who have significant knowledgeable interactions with and consideration of non-human elements such as soils, waters, plants, animals, and other biota. Aldo Leopold can largely be credited with this Land Ethic.
***The Commons “is a general term referring to the cultural and natural resources accessible to all members of a society, including natural materials such as air, water, and a habitable earth. These resources are held in common, not owned privately.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons
****Artificial herein is referring to human-dominated systems which have largely lost touch with the important components of natural systems, health living soils and waters, photosynthesis and net primary productivity, high biodiversity, and sustainable ecological community dynamics. (Much of today’s economy is very artificial and superficial, including conventional and “organic” agriculture, and is not in tune with natural biogeochemical cycles and energetics, and a stable local community social fabric to the extent pre-agriculture, pre-industrialization, or even pre-WW II and the information age.)